Class Week 2 - OSHA 10 Hour Construction Program Course: Practice Questions

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

· What are the four main types of electrical injuries?

*Electrocution, Electrical Shock, Burns, and Indirect (Ladder shock).

· A shocks severity depends on:

*The amount of current, The currents path, The length of time, The currents frequency (All of the above).

· Anytime you touch a part of an electrical current:

*You can sustain a shock if there is a ground fault and your body becomes part of the circuit.

· If you “fuzz” an overhead line and the line doesn’t produce an arc to the object or make a buzzing sound, you can assume:

*Nothing. Fuzzing does not adequately detect low voltages, which can be deadly.

· The OSHA standard requires flexible cords to be rated and indelibly marked for what type of usage?

*Hard or Extra-Hard.

· Which of the following are good ways to ensure the safety of cords and wires?

*Use only 3-wire-type cords, Insulate live wires, Take unmarked or modified cords out of service, Unplug cords by grasping the plug not pulling the cord.

· What is the Most common OSHA electrical violation?

*Improper grounding of circuitry and equipment is the most frequent violation of OSHA electrical regulations. Electrical systems usually connected to a grounding rod placed 6 ft into earth.

· The NEC (National Electrical Code) requires that GFCIs (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) be used:

*When electricity is used near water and when temporary wiring or extension cords are being used.

· What are the three elements of a proper safety model?

*Recognize, Evaluate, and Control.

· True or False: Tools with double insulation are more convenient for workers than wearing gloves and safety footwear, and negate the need for PPE.

*False.

· The employer is required to provide approved_________ for all 12w0-volt, single-phase, 15- and 20-ampere receptable outlets on construction sites which are not a part of the permanent wiring of the building or structure and which are in use by employees.

*Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs).

· When setting up an AEGCP (Assured Equipment Grounding Conductor Program), the employer is required to designate one or more________ to implement the program.

*Competent Persons.

· Live parts of electric equipment must be ________ against accidental contact.

*Guarded.

· Fuses and circuit breakers must be so located or shielded that employees will not:

*Be burned or otherwise injured by their operation, e.g., arching.

· OSHA’s electrical standards are based on:

*The NEC.

· Electrical burns are the most serious of the three major types of burns, and most often occur:

*On the hands, from direct contact with current.

· Hot wires, ungrounded wires that can cause a shock if you touch them, are usually:

*Black or Red.

· More than 50 percent of electrocutions are caused by a worker coming in direct contact with:

*Energized Power Lines.

· All portable electric tools that are damaged shall be:

*Removed from use and tagged “Do Not Use”.

· If you have a three-prong plug and a two-hole receptable, it is acceptable to:

*Use an adapter wire connected to a known ground.

· All hazards involved in the use of power tools can be prevented by following the five basic safety rules: Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance; Examine each tool for damage before use; Operate according to the manufacture’s instructions; Provide and use the proper protective equipment; and:

*Use the right tool for the job.

· Live parts of electric equipment operating at 50 volts or more must be:

*Guarded against accidental contact.

· While any employee is exposed to contact with parts of electric equipment or circuits that have been de-energized, the circuits energizing the parts shall be:

*Locked out or Tagged out or both.

· Low voltage does not mean low hazard.

*True.

· The two best means of avoiding electrical shock or injury when working with power tools are:

*Insulation and Grounding.

· The majority of today’s power line accidents occur because:

*Of failure to maintain proper work distances.

· A ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) protects workers from shock by:

*Matching the amount of current going into an electrical device against the amount of returning from the device and shutting down power if a ground fault is detected.

· AEGCP’s (Assured Equipment Grounding Conductor Program) are implemented on construction sites to oversee:

*All cord sets, Cord sets and equipment connected by plug and cord, Receptables that are not a part of a building or structure… (ALL OF THE ABOVE).

Fall Protection

· True or False: Once a protection device has been approved for use by a competent person for use by an employee, it is up to the employee to inspect it regularly and ensure that it still meets OSHA requirements.

*False. Employers responsibility.

· The OSHA General Industry Standard requires that “every skylight floor opening and hole shall be guarded by a standard skylight screen or a fixed standard railing:

*On all exposed sides.

· Warning line systems consist of:

*Lanyards, safety lines, or anchorages.

· Supporting stanchions that must be flagged at not more than

*6 foot

· Intervals with..

*Materials with a tensile strength of not less than 500 pounds.

· Covers located in roadways and vehicular aisles shall be capable of supporting, without failure, at least:

*At least twice the maximum axle load of the largest vehicle expected to cross over the cover.

· A PFAS must be rigged so that:

*Both the second and third answers are correct. (An employee can neither free-fall more than 6 feet nor contact any lower level. ; It will bring an employee to a complete stop and limit maximum deceleration distance an employee travels to 3.5 feet.

· In excavations, low slope roofs, steep roofs, and wall openings you must use fall protection if they are_____ feet or more above the ground.

*6.

· In which of the following areas is it necessary to use fall protection if you are on an elevated surface more than six feet high?

*Roofs, Wall Openings, Hoist Areas, Leading Edges, Ramps.

· The OSHA standard mandates that any time a worker is at a height of six feet or more, the worker is at risk and needs to be protected. Most fatalities, however, happen when workers fall from:

*Roofs.

· Employers must ensure that all walking and working surfaces have the structural integrity to:

*Support workers safely.

· Controlled access zones serves a dual purpose- they allow specially trained individuals (such as masons) to operate without traditional fall protection within a certain area, and:

*They keep unauthorized individuals out.

· A system used to arrest a worker in a fall from a working level that consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness, and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these is called a :

*Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS).

· When no other alternative fall protection has been implemented, the employer shall implement a safety monitoring system. Employers must:

*Ensure that the safety monitor is a competent person knowledgeable about fall protection.

· At holes, guardrail systems must be set up:

*On all unprotected sides or edges.

· The top edge of a guardrail must be from 39 to 45 inches above the walking/working level, and there must be a means of protection from:

*Falling between the top rail and the walking surface.

· Employers must provide a training program that teaches employees who might be exposed to fall hazards:

*How to recognize such hazards and how to minimize them.

· Safety nets must be strong enough to support workers who fall, and must:

*Have small enough mesh openings that the employee doesn’t fall through the net itself.

Stuck-by Accidents & Caught-Between Accidents

· Struck-by injuries are produced by forcible contact or impact between the injured person and a(n)________.

*object or piece of equipment.

· As a load is mechanically lifted, the materials__________.

*may strike workers if the load swings, twists, or turns.

· Approximately 75 percent of struck-by fatalities involve:

*Heavy equipment, such as trucks or cranes.

· It is preferable not to drive a vehicle in reverse if you have an obstructed rear view, but if you do, make sure:

*The vehicle has an audible reverse alarm.

· Workers are most at risk from falling objects when standing or working:

*A, C, and D. (Under Scaffolds, Under Cranes, whenever overhead work is being done).

· To prevent injury from flying debris, use safety glasses, goggles, face shields, etc., where machines or tools may cause flying particles; and always inspect tools, such as saws and lathes, to ensure that:

*The protective guards are in good condition and firmly attached.

· Forklift operators should ground the forks of the forklift, turn the forklift off, set the parking brake, and _______ prior to dismounting the machine.

*Neutralize the controls.

· If a machines has an exposed pulley and conveyer but the portion of that is exposed is well underneath the machine, the employer:

*Must ensure that all that all is exposed and accessible sections of the machine is guarded.

· One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings, or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them is a:

*Competent person.

· Providing worker training on the safe use of the equipment being operated is the responsibility of the:

*Employer.

· To protect against caught-in or between hazards, a worker should not only avoid wearing loose clothing or jewelry, but also should avoid:

*Performing maintenance or adjustment on equipment/machinery that has not been locked-out.

· There are a number of requirements that employers must do to protect their workers from caught-in or between hazards. Which of these is required if the workers body, hands or clothing may come into contact with moving parts?

*Provide guards on power tools and other equipment with moving parts.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

· Basic types of hazards an employer looks for during a hazard assessment:

*Biological, Chemical, and Impact.

· Which class of hard hat does not provide any protection against electrical hazards?

*Class C.

· The current permissible noise exposure for the construction industry is ______ for an eight-hour duration.

*90dB.

· The general rule with chemical-resistant gloves is “The thicker the gloves material, the greater the chemical resistance”.

*True.

· The two steps for avoiding hazards that are always taken before the need for PPE is considered are:

*Work practice and engineering controls.

· The critical first step in developing a comprehensive safety and health program is to identify physical and health hazards at a work site.

*A Hazard Assessment.

· OSHA requires that many categories of PPE meet or be equivalent to standards developed by:

*The American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

· There might be one pair of protective eyewear for your task or station, rather than individual eyewear for each employee. If this is the approach at your job site, then:

*You must clean and disinfect the eyewear between each use.

· A noise level of 95 dB is_____ than the lowest level at which hearing protection is required (85 dB), and your exposure should be limited to six hours of less.

*Five times louder than.

· Safety footwear has to meet minimum compression and impact performance standards, set by:

*ASTM F-2412-2005.

· Gloves that are chemically resistant are usually made from:

*Rubber or plastic.

Scaffolds

· By definition, a scaffold is:

*A temporary, elevated platform that construction workers use for working safely at elevations.

· The first step in building a scaffold is:

*To conduct a site inspection to identify site-specific hazards not identified in the preplanning stage and note any other site-specific characteristics.

· The most effective protection to shild employees from falling objects is:

*Installing debris nets, canopies, and screens.

· Before builders can permit the use of a scaffold, fall protection systems and falling object protection must be installed on any scaffold:

*More than 10 feet above a lower level.

· When dismantling a scaffold, all work should be done:

*From the top down and only employees who have been trained by the competent person.

· So far, all of the scaffolds we have reviewed in detail have one thing in common, what is it?

*All are susceptible to electrical hazards, so all electrical hazards should be deenergized, guarded, or marked – and all conductive materials should be kept at least 3 feet from electrical hazards ( 10 feet or more for electrical hazards exceeding 300 volts).

· A “boatswain’s chair” is:

*A single-point suspended scaffold that consists simply of a rope attached to a special harness that a worker sits in as he or she is raised and lowered up and down the structure.

· Before the start of each work shift, it is mandatory that:

*A competent person inspects the scaffold before the start of each work shift.

· The first step in building a scaffold is to:

*Conduct a site inspection.

· A scaffold must be erected “plumb, square, and level”, because:

*If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold.

· OSHA 1926.454(c) states: When an employer has reason to believe that an employee lacks the skill or understanding needed for safe work involving the erection, use or dismantling of scaffolds, the employer shall:

*Retrain each such employee so that the requisite proficiency is regained.

· When dismantling a scaffold, all work should be conducted:

*From the top down.

· The three main scaffold types are Ariel lifts, supported scaffolds, and:

*Suspended scaffolds.

· Tube and coupler scaffolds over 125 feet high must be designed by:

*A registered professional engineer.

· What type of scaffold – other than the tube and coupler scaffold - is ideal for use around complex structures?

*A system scaffold.

· This scaffold is simply a rope attached to a harness with an assembly like a boatswain’s chair for the worker to sit in.

*Suspension scaffold.

· If a worker on a scaffold can fall more than 10 feet, they must be protected by guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems (PFAS). The type of fall protection required will depend upon:

*The type of scaffold.

Cranes & Other Hoists

· Main cause of crane accidents from among the choices in the list below:

*Contact with power lines.

· At any jobsite where noise from equipment other than the crane (such as machinery, traffic, other workers shouting orders, etc.), might be a distraction, how do signalmen communicate with crane and derrick operators?

*With hand signals, using signals described in ANSI standards for each type of crane.

· Load limiting factors are conditions that might cause a crane operator to reduce the size of a hoist load. These factors include:

*Uneven ground, Side loads, Wind, and Use of extensions, jibs, etc.

· If belts, gears, shafts, pulleys, sprockets, spindles, drums, fly wheels, chains, or other moving parts are exposed to contact by workers at the job site, they should be covered by:

*A guard as specified in ANSI standard B 15.1-1958 REV., the Safety Code for Mechanical Power Transmission Apparatus.

· All hoistway entrance bars and gates should be painted in:

*A diagonal contrasting color scheme for easy notice.

· The four main causes of crane accidents are contact with power lines, overturns, falls and mechanical failure. Two other errors mentioned in this module that often lead to trouble are:

*Improper maintenance and failure to conduct regular inspections.

· No modifications or additions that affect the capacity or safe operation of a crane or derrick should ever be made without:

*The manufacturers written approval, which should be kept on file.

· Truck-mounted and rough terrain cranes are both forms of a mobile crane, and both use which of the following to increase their stability?

*Outriggers.

· Rated load capacities, recommended operating speeds, and special hazard warnings or instructions must be:

*Conspicuously posted on the crane, where the crane operator can see them while he is at his control station.

· The four lifting principles that govern a crane’s mobility and safety during lifting operations are:

*Center of gravity, leverage, stability, and structural integrity.

· Employees working in the vicinity of a crane must take care to avoid what kind of accident?

* “Struck By”.

· If the hoist tower is not enclosed, the hoist platform or car must be totally enclosed on all sides for the full height between the floor and:

*The overhead protective covering.

· Personnel hoisting platforms must be designed by:

*A qualified engineer, or another competent specialist qualified in structural design.

Hand & Power Tools

· The greatest hazards posed by hand tools result from:

*Misuse and improper maintenance.

· How should one check the integrity of the wheel before using an abrasive power tool or grinder?

*Tap the wheel lightly with a nonmetallic instrument and listen for a “ring” tone.

· What powers a pneumatic tool?

*Compressed air.

· The fluid used to operate hydraulic power tools must:

*Retain its operating characteristics at the most extreme temperatures to which it will be exposed.

· If the use of a power tool can result in flying sparks, metal shavings, wood chips, splashes, or other debris, workers should:

*Protect themselves by wearing the proper PPE.

· Power tools should never be carried by the cord or hose or be yanked from a receptacle by the cord or hose; and cords and hoses should be kept away from:

*Heat, oil, and sharp edges.

· Sharp, abrasive, pinching, or otherwise hazardous moving parts of power tools:

*Must have guards to prevent contact with workers.

· Neither the operator nor anyone else should ever stand directly in front of the wheel of an abrasive power tool as it accelerates to full operating speed. Why?

*Because there is always a chance that the wheel wasn’t sound and could disintegrate or explode.

· Powder-actuated tools are extremely dangerous, with a “firing” mechanism similar to that of:

*A loaded gun.

· If a powder-actuated tool misfires, the employee should:

*Wait at least 30 seconds, then try firing again.

· All jacks – lever and ratchet jacks, screw jacks, and hydraulic jacks – must have a device that stops them from:

*Jacking up too high (a stop indicator).

Excavations

· Which three methods are commonly used to prevent cave-ins?

*Safe sloping of the ground, Shoring, and Trench shields.

· The warning signs of an imminent cave-in usually include:

*There is usually no warning of an imminent cave in.

· Designing a protective system can be complex because many factors affect the safety of a given excavation, including:

*Type of soil, Location of the water table, Overhead and underground utilities, Weather conditions.

· OSHA defines a trench as:

*A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground in which the depth is greater than the width – with the width not to exceed 15 feet.

· OSHA defines an excavation as:

*Any man-made cavity, depression, trench or cut in the earth’s surface formed by earth removal.

· OSHA requires that all excavations in which employees could potentially be exposed to cave-ins be protected by one or more of the following three methods:

*Sloping, benching, shoring and shielding.

· The formula for all simple slope excavations 20 feet (6.11 meters) or less deep states that for every foot of depth, the trench must be excavated back:

*1 ½ feet.

· Trench boxes or shields must be designed or approved by:

*A registered professional engineer.

· Shoring or shielding is most often used when:

*The location or the depth of the excavation makes sloping back to the maximum allowable slope impractical.

· AS mentioned in this module, in addition to cave-ins and related hazards, workers involved in excavation work also are exposed to hazards involving:

*Falls, falling loads, and mobile equipment.

· Employees are prohibited from working above other employees on the face of a sloped or benched excavation unless:

*The workers on the lower level have overhead protection from falling objects.

· To prevent surface water from entering an excavation and to provide adequate drainage of the adjacent area, OSHA standards require the use of:

*Water removal equipment, diversion ditches, dikes, or other suitable methods.

Materials Handling & Storage

· Which of the following tasks would not be considered a component of “materials handling and storage”?

*Using lumber to frame a house or building.

· When manually moving materials, employees should be seek help when a load is so bulky it cannot be properly grasped of lifted, when the load cannot be safely handled, and when:

*They cannot see over or around it.

· What are the three most common reasons for forklift accidents?

*Overturns, Fall, and Struck by.

· Which category of equipment can’t be used in reverse when there is an obstructed rear view unless it is equipped with a signal alarm?

*Earth moving equipment.

· When stacking lumber, which of the following statements applies?

*Lumber should be stacked and leveled on solidly supported bracing.

· Ergonomics is based on the principle that:

*The job should be adapted to fit the person rather than forcing the person to fit the job.

· Because the number of injuries from operating powered industrial trucks was on the rise, the OSHA standard for the Powered Industrial Trucks was revised March 1, 1999. OSHA promulgated the Final Rule for Powered Industrial Truck Operator Training, which:

*Both, Requires operator training and licensing as well as periodic evaluations of operator performance ; Requires operators to take and pass a written and road test (similar to a driver’s education) before they can operate the forklift.

· Operators must complete three separate aspects of powered industrial truck training: formal training, practice training, and:

*Evaluation.

· To adhere to fire safety precautions, flammable and combustible materials must be stored according to:

*Their fire characteristics.

· General safety principles that can help reduce workplace accidents include:

*All, Work practices, Ergonomic principles, Training and education.

· Manual materials is the most common category of compensable injuries in the United States work force, with four out of five of those injuries involving:

*the lower back.

Demolition

· Prior to starting all demolition operations, OSHA 1926.850 (a) requires that ______ of the structure be conducted by a ________.

*An engineering survey, competent person.

· Prior to starting work, provisions must be in place for prompt medical attention in case of serious injury. The nearest hospital, infirmary, clinic, or physician shall be located as part of the engineering survey. The job supervisor should be provided with:

*Instructions for the most direct route to these facilities.

· Roadways between and around combustible storage piles should be at least _____ feet wide and must be maintained free from accumulation of any rubbish, equipment, or other materials.

*15.

· Mechanical demolition refers to:

*Demolition using equipment like a jackhammer or wrecking ball, rather than explosives.

· Prestressed concrete is often used in modern construction because:

*its unique strength allows predetermined engineering stresses to be placed in members to counteract stresses that occur when the unit is subjected to service loads.

· What is the first comprehensive step that should be undertaken before any demolition of any structure takes place?

*A comprehensive engineering survey should be performed by a competent person to determine the condition of the structure, evaluate the possibility of unplanned collapse, and plan for potential hazards and injuries.

· One of the most important elements of the pre-job planning is:

*the location of all utility services.

· Prestressed concrete is:

*A structural material with tensioned steel strands embedded inside, which compress the concrete and give it extra strength.

· Simple pretensioned beams and slabs of spans up to about 7 meters (23 feet):

*Can be demolished in a manner similar to ordinary reinforced concrete.

· A blaster is:

*A competent person who uses explosives.

· All vehicles used for the transportation of explosives shall have tight floors, and any exposed spark-producing metal on the inside of the body shall be:

*Covered with wood or some other non-sparking material.

· All explosives must be accounted for at all times, and all not being used must be kept in a:

*Locked magazine.

Health Hazards in Construction

· HAZCOM stands for:

*Hazard Communication Standard.

· Chemicals pose a wide range of health hazards and physical hazards. The HCS is designed to:

*Ensure that information about these hazards and associated protective measures is disseminated.

· The written program must:

*List the chemicals present at the site, indicate who is responsible for the program in a facility, and explain where employees can find written materials.

· A successful hearing conservation program covers all of the following except:

*Maximum noise levels allowed.

· What is the level of noise (over an 8-hour TWA) at which hearing protection is required?

*85 dB.

· The most familiar use of quartz sand, which is comprised largely of silica is:

*As an abrasive blasting agent to remove surface coatings.

· OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard (HazCom) is designed to ensure that information about _______ and associated protective measures is disseminated.

*Hazardous Chemicals.

· Chemical manufacturers and importers must convey the hazard information they learn from their evaluations to downstream employers by means of labels on containers and:

*Safety Data Sheets (SDSs).

· The noise exposure measurements your employer makes must include all continuous, intermittent and ______ noise within a range of 80 dB to 130dB.

*Impulsive.

· Audiometric testing monitors an employee’s hearing:

*Over time.

· Acute silicosis occurs after a few months or as long as 2 years following exposures to ______ concentrations of respirable crystalline silica.

*Extremely high.

· Symptoms of silicosis ________, so workers should have a chest x-ray to see if there is lung damage.

*May or may not be obvious.